SwRI: FOCAS-Gasoline Burner-Based Catalyst Aging System

R-FOCAS^®, a burner-based exhaust catalyst aging system, developed by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), provides many advantages over engine-based aging methods. The illustration below shows major components of engine-based and burner-based aging.

Advantages of R-FOCAS Burner-Based Catalyst Aging

Burner-based catalyst aging allows independent control of thermal effects and effects caused by lubrication oil poisoning. Unlike engine-based aging, where oil consumption is inherent to engine operation and changes with engine wear, the R-FOCAS system consumes no oil during fuel-air combustion. Lube oil may be injected into the hot combustion products with a metering and measurement system. This process allows the user to age catalysts with or without oil poisoning effects.
 

Burner-based catalyst aging provides complete control of the aging process, including separation of thermal and oil poisoning aging effects.

Disadvantages of Engine-Based Catalyst Aging

Engine-based accelerated catalyst aging is limited to the maximum exhaust temperature the engine can reliably provide. The maximum temperature is typically lower than 900°C in the United States and as high as 940°C in Europe where expensive high-performance engines are used to generate exhaust. The rate of catalyst thermal aging is exponentially dependent on the exhaust gas temperature, and higher gas temperatures can dramatically shorten the time required to age catalysts.
 

Properties of R-FOCAS

R-FOCAS provides the user with complete flexibility and control over catalyst aging variables including:

• Exhaust mass flow rate from 50–130 g/s

• Exhaust air/fuel ratio (0.75 ≤ λ ≤ 1.3) with closed-loop control

• Secondary air injection upstream of the test catalyst

• Catalyst inlet exhaust gas temperature up to 1,000°C

• Gasoline specification/composition

• Lube oil injection quantity, quality, and location into the hot exhaust stream

R-FOCAS users may perform full-size catalyst aging using preprogrammed EPA SBC (standard bench cycle), ZDAKW and OPEST aging cycles. A cycle development tool included with the basic software also allows the user to easily create, store, and retrieve custom aging cycles. The system includes a complement of safety features designed to prevent damage of the test catalyst and to provide safe operation of the system. The LabVIEW^® based control system records data and displays graphical information as the aging cycle progresses.
 

Availability of R-FOCAS Systems

R-FOCAS systems are available for purchase with or without the optional lube oil injection system. SwRI can provide R-FOCAS training at our facilities and/or at the client's facility. In addition, R-FOCAS systems are available for contract catalyst aging at SwRI's San Antonio, Texas, laboratories.

For more information about purchasing or testing on a gasoline burner-based catalyst aging system or other capabilities at SwRI, or how you can contract with SwRI, please contact Cynthia Webb at cwebb@swri.org or (210) 522-5873, or by fax at

(210) 522-3950.